Obama's Inauguration Ceremony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obama's Inauguration Ceremony - Essay Example That Lean And Hungry Look by Suzanne Britt’s is an essay written to compare the existing differences between individuals who are skinny to their fat counterparts. Britt is against skinny individuals in the society, and her essay deals them a tremendous blow making them look like losers in the society. She criticizes skinny individuals comparing their young age experience to failure in learning life’s expectations. In her essay, she applauds fat individuals in society. She notes that they are sincere compared to the skinny individuals. She deems that fat individuals are welcoming than skinny ones because they are capable of providing individuals with support when least expected. She applauds them for being realistic in life and always taking decisions that lead to their success (Warner & Hilliard, 2010). Britt’s essays talks her views regarding the skinny and fat individuals in the society. Though she might be harsh on her description of skinny individuals in the society, her works are used to explain the differences that exist amongst individuals in the society. Her works, when analyzed critically, give out a meaning to the different social classes brought about by different factors like race and politics (Warner & Hilliard, 2010). ... Contrary to Britt’s essay regarding skinny individuals, Obama emerges to be a triumphant candidate who is elected heartily by the citizens (Obama, 2006). Secondly, contrary to Britt’s essay regarding skinny individuals not being amenable, Obama was more than welcoming in his inauguration speech. He was warm in his speech when he promised to advocate for freedom of individuals within the country. Individuals who are not welcoming find that they make false promises to individuals, whereas in spite of Obama being skinny he makes promises and professes his love for the Americans on his way to the inauguration ceremony. He believes he has the powers to make America a new haven because the American citizens had bestowed him with the responsibility of being their leader. He is also depicted to be a neat person during his inauguration ceremony. This is contrary to Britt’s essay about tidiness of skinny individuals. He was neatly dressed in a fashionable way that left him to be the center of attraction to the searching eyes of the public and press. Obama’s schedule during and after the Philadelphia inauguration was loaded with schedules and appointments contrary to Britt’s essay that skinny individual do not have a loaded schedule (Obama, 2006). Contrary to Britt’s essay, the inauguration of Obama came as a surprise to individuals who did not take Obama as an eminent threat. Being a skinny person individuals expected Obama to fail for a number of reasons (Obama, 2006). His success is conflicting to Britt’s essay that does not depict him as a threat because of his skinny nature. The inauguration ceremony depicts that individuals who

International Marketing Strategy Essay Example for Free

International Marketing Strategy Essay For most manufacturers, success or failure is determined by how effectively and efficiently their products are sold through their marketing channel members (e. g. , agents, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers). Given this situation, considerable marketing channel research has focused on organizational responsibility for managing channel how interrelationships among a firm and its channel members can be managed better (Achrol and Stern 1988; Anderson et al 1997). Globalization of markets is a phenomenon that has received much attention and been extensively debated both at general societal/institutional/cultural levels and at market and business levels. In any globalization process, distribution of goods and services between and within local industrial and consumer markets is of great importance. A marketing channel is a set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for consumption. Globalization of markets and reorganization of distribution are mutually dependent processes that involve changes in market structures. Mattsson Wallenberg, 2003) As national markets expand and as new opportunities arise for satisfying consumer demand, greater specialization in distribution is evident both in the level of distribution and in goods and services handled (Mallen, 1996). Moreover, as the global marketplace expands, many multinational firms have been influenced by mounting pressures to develop a worldwide communication, distribution and information network that facilitates the free flow of information and goods across national boundaries (Min Eom, 1994). Distribution channels excellence has become a powerful source of competitive differentiation. In the 1980’s and 1990’s, companies began to view distribution channels as more than simply a source of cost savings and recognize it as a source of enhancing product or serve offerings as part of the broader supply chain process to create competitive advantage. (Mentzer et al, 2004). International distribution channels In international marketing the manufacturer doesnt sell products directly, it goes through several parties-before reaching the consumer. It involves various channels and variety of intermediaries. In order to sustain the growth of the international marketplace and the integration of the world’s economic activities it is vital to conduct efficient and cost-effective distribution according to Ross (1996). The challenge to global distribution management is to structure a supply chain that is responsive and flexible enough to cope with differences in customers requirements and yet enable the benefits of focused manufacturing to be achieved. According to Black et al (2002) the past decade has seen some of the most rapid and substantive changes in channels of distribution for goods and services in developed economies. What companies must remember is that the choice of distribution channel is quite complicated in the home market of a company but even more complicated when going international and starting to export. It is vital for companies who are about to establish abroad that they realize that the choice of distribution channel is crucial for future success and growth. There are many alternative distribution channels to choose from and the conditions may vary from different companies and markets. Furthermore, the choice of distribution channel is often complex and expensive if changing it subsequently. Therefore, it is central that the decision is given the attention and acknowledgement, which is called for due to the fact that it has such a long-term outcome of the export investment’s success. (Anderson et al, 1997). Distribution builds stable competitive advantages, since marketing channels have a long-run character and to build them it is necessary to have a consistent structure; and due also to the fact that they are focused on people and relationships. With channels of distribution changing rapidly studies of consumers will need to focus not just on understanding product choice but also on understanding the reasons for channel choice. Distribution channel intensity Another channel strategy according to Jobber (2001) is the intensity of the distribution channel. According to Kotler (2000) and Fein and Anderson (1997) companies have to decide on the number of intermediaries to use at each channel level. Three approaches are available: intensive distribution, selective distribution and exclusive distribution. Mallen (1996) states that intensive distribution is at one end of the scale where the policy is to distribute to as many outlets as possible, and that exclusive distribution is at the other end of the scale, where the policy is to distribute only to one intermediary at a given level in a given geographic area. The broad middle ground is normally referred to as selective distribution. Intensive distribution consists of the manufacturer placing the goods or services in as many outlets as possible. This approach is generally used for everyday goods such as milk, bread, tobacco products and soap, products for which the consumer requires a great deal of location convenience. Manufacturers are constantly tempted to move from exclusive or selective distribution to more intensive distribution to increase coverage and sales. Intensive distribution may help in the short term but often hurts long-term performance. (Kotler, 2000) According to Mallen (1996) intensive distribution tends to maximize sales for the simple reason that more outlets increase the possibilities of consumer contact. Yet, this approach means a more elaborate marketing operation at the manufacturer level. Selective distribution involves the use of more than a few but less than all of the intermediaries who are willing to carry a particular product. It is used by established companies and by new companies seeking distributors. The company does not have to dissipate its efforts over too many outlets; it enables the producer to gain adequate market coverage with more control and less cost than intensive distribution. Kotler, 2000) Selective distribution is generally applied on rarely bought goods such as DVDs, computers and cameras according to Fein and Anderson (1997). Exclusive distribution means severely limiting the number of intermediaries. It is used when the producer wants to maintain control over the service level and service outputs offered by the resellers. (Kotler, 2000) While minimizing costs, exclusive distribution tends to maximize channel goodwill and channel control. It is easier for the manufacturer to have completely satisfactory relationships with a few intermediaries than with many in a given area according to Mallen (1996). Often it involves exclusive dealing arrangements, in which the resellers agree not to carry competing brands. By granting exclusive distribution, the producer hopes to obtain more dedicated and knowledgeable selling. (Kotler, 2000) Exclusive distribution is often used on capital goods such as cars according. Importance of distribution Distribution is a key component of any international marketing strategy. To successfully deliver products and services to customers spread across different geographies, you’ll have to develop an international marketing strategy with special emphasis on supply chain, which includes distribution. If your business has entered various markets, it may not be possible for you to single-handedly manage the overseas operations. You’ll have to develop an effective distribution channel. This channel will consist of channel intermediaries, who will make sure that the product reaches the end user. Distribution is critical to your overseas operations because: 1. It has a direct effect on sales. If you don’t have a good distribution network, your products may stack up in a warehouse and won’t reach your target customers. 2. It affects your profits as well. As distribution costs can make up to 50 percent of the final selling price of some products, an efficient distribution network can increase your profit margins. 3. It has an influence on customer satisfaction. As the long-term success of your overseas operations depends on satisfying your customers, choose your dealers and retailers carefully as they will be responsible, to a large extent, what your customers think about your product and if they will recommend your product to others. 1. 4 Types of distribution channels To gain competitive advantage in the market, you need to identify the right distribution channel that is familiar with your target consumer and segment. Also make sure that the distribution channel that you choose shares similar policies and strategies as your company and has a proven track record in the market. You can choose from among several channels of distribution. Your chosen distribution channel will directly affect all your other marketing decisions. Here are some options: Direct marketing: In this method, the company interacts with its customers directly without any intermediaries. Mail orders, the Internet and phone calls are some of the ways your potential customers can learn about your products and make purchases. Agents: Agents operate on a commission basis. You’ll have to pay these agents on the volume of sales they generate. Agents do not accept any legal ownership of the product. This kind of channel is usually expensive, as an agent is expensive to train and the physical distance makes his progress difficult to track. Distributors: Distributors buy the goods directly from you and will then sell it to retailers. Since they take title to the goods, they are free to determine the prices of the goods themselves and develop their own marketing strategies. They usually have storage facilities. Retailers: Retailers sell to the end customers and are, therefore, able to develop a better bond with them. The retailer takes on the responsibility of promoting the products and often decides the price of the product. Manufacturing-owned intermediaries: This is a capital-intensive option, as your business will directly set up sales and service units in the markets that it has a presence. 2. 0 Channel Management Strategies Channel Management is yet another sales and marketing phrase that is thrown around like everyone knows what it means. But so few companies really comprehend channel management in a way that really helps them. Sales channels being the conduits by which we distribute our products to the end-user come in many shapes from direct, to the web, to the traditional retail environment. Channel Management Strategies (CMS) provides the latest research, benchmarking data, analytic models, and thought leadership necessary to align and enhance your existing channel management initiatives. Channel Management Strategies delivers objective data and intelligence to compare and contrast your efforts with peer organizations, and provides thought-provoking research on industry trends, best-practice models and tactics, budget and resource allocation and measurement strategies. Channel management is a process by which a company creates formalized programs for selling and servicing customers within a specific channel. it can impact businesses in a positive way. First segment channels by like characteristics (their needs, buying patterns, success factors, etc. and then customize a channel management program that includes: 1. Goals: Define the specific goals you have for each channel segment. Consider your goals for the channel as a whole as well as individual account. And, remember to consider goals for both acquisition and retention. 2. Policies: Construct well defined polices for administering the accounts within this channel. Be sure to keep the unique characteristics of each segment in mind when defining policies for account set up, order management, product fulfillment, etc. 3.  Products: Identify which products in your offering are most suited for each segment and create appropriate messaging. Also, determine where to upsell opportunities lie. 4. Sales/Marketing Programs: Design support programs for your channel that meet their needs, not what your idea of their needs are. To do this, you should start by asking your customers within this segment, â€Å"how can we best support you in the selling and marketing of our products? † That being said, the standard considerations are product tra ining, co-op advertising, seasonal promotions, and merchandising. Again, this is not a one-size fit all, so be diligent about addressing this segment’s specific needs in these areas. Defining a channel management strategy for each segment allows the organization to be more effective within each segment, while gaining efficiency at the same time. Still, maintaining brand consistency across all channel segments is critical to your long-term success. So it has to find a good balance between customization and brand consistency for a successful channel management.

The Cold War Era Essay -- United States Soviet History Essays

The Cold War Era Works Cited Missing The late 1940s to the mid 1980s the American society saw what could quite possibly be titled the biggest technological effect on society. This era, The Cold War, was a period in which fear of attack or invasion and a need to be superior reigned in the American society. It led to the development of space technology, during the Space Race, communication systems, and military technology in what has been appropriately deemed the Arms Race. On October 4, 1957 [1] a huge change concerning technology in society occurred. On this date, the United Soviet Socialists Republic (USSR) launched Sputnik into outer space. The launch of Sputnik instilled a fear in the American society and an urgent call to increase technological capabilities to protect the homeland from Soviet attacks and also to prove the United States’ superiority. The United States’ official involvement in what has commonly been termed the â€Å"Space Race† began in 1958 after the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA. When created, NASA immediately began working on the idea of human space flight. The first high profile program was titled Project Mercury. In this program, NASA’s main course of action was to find if human beings were capable of surviving in space. Projects that followed included Project Gemini and Project Apollo [2] and, slowly, America made its way into the forefront of the space race. The sketches and preliminary drawings for Project Mercury are seen to the right. Although ot a new technological advancement, the idea of being able to put human beings into space was a new idea that required an incredible amount of advancement in technological fields not yet understood by man.... ...Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty was signed by the United States and USSR on December 8, 1987 and ratified by the United States Senate on May 27, 1988. This is considered to be the end of the Cold War as the mass elimination of weapons developed during the era commenced, including the elimination of the PERSHING. The last of the PERSHING missiles were eliminated in May 1991. [8] The Cold War Era was an era in which the fear of technology and the impending need for developments became the central focus of the society. This era epitomizes the power technology has over an American society and, consequently, the world. Over twenty years were spent developing technologies to protect the nation against the technologies of another. The impact of technology during this era, although not in every home to the degree that it is today, was one of massive proportions.

Personal Narrative - My Mother, the Hippie Essay -- Personal Narrative

My Mother, the Hippie My mother is a "hippie" in every sense of the word. Therefore, as a young child, I spent a lot of time in the Great Outdoors. There were even some years in which we traveled around living on commune farms. I remember the huge gardens where you could always find my mom, and where I earned my nickname "Beans". I recall the cats and goats that were always roaming around, and I remember falling asleep in rooms stacked to the ceiling with bunkbeds, where all of the kids on the farm slept. So what in the world does this have to do with a reflection of the first day of class? Simply put, it reaffirms the old adage that we become exactly like our parents. When I reached my adolescent years, I hated being outside and going camping with no water or electricity for days--for fun. But now that I am an adult, I find myself becoming exactly like my mother. I enjoy a life of simplicity, and I love being outside--whatever form that may take--be it work or taking a class such as this. Therefore, my single most vivid reflection of this entire first day of class is...

Abiotic And Biotic Characteristics Environmental Sciences Essay

San Francisco Bay has maintained a brilliant organic structure of H2O and usage to prolong the economic system of Western United States and San Francisco Estuary in Bay in is of great importance because through this a big figure of H2O run outing becomes possible. It ‘s Estuary from where fresh H2O meets to sea H2O. There are many pollutants that we face in our day-to-day life e.g. soil, deposits, oil, lubricating oil, fertilizes pesticides chemicals etc. the H2O running from the land transporting these pollutants to underground and finally this range to the Estuary of san Francisco. These pollutants when range in river and sea H2O can foul the whole H2O and turn out harmful for aquatic life as it can be cause injury for wetland animals like fish, and can turn out really unsafe for other home grounds of H2O. It can destruct the aquatic system and can be major menaces for the life being populating under H2O. As San Francisco Estuary considered as a really of import part and has much economic importance so for bar of pollution and maintain safe this part from other different factors Restoration and preservation is used.Abiotic and biotic features of the San Francisco EstuaryMany of environmental factors affect the abiotic and biotic features of the San Francisco Estuary these include both abiotic and biotic features. These factors effects the life in Estuary in great extends. Inanimate factors are called abiotic factors which include concentration of O and foods, salt of H2O and sum of sunlight. As these factors have the major impact on the life in estuary. All life factors that affect the estuary are called biotic factors. That includes manufacturers ‘ consumers and marauders as manufacturers are of basic importance for consumers. Consumers rely on manufacturers and marauders rely on consumers. So these are depend on one another to keep the balance of estuary,Population growing in the San Francisco Bay country affected the estuaryIncreasing tendency of population in San Francisco Bay country affected the estuary as increasing tendency of population cause a haste in urban every bit good as on small town countries. More the people are utilizing the resorts more the waste is making and much usage of H2O and H2O waste from its usage create pollution as much of the contaminated H2O is drained through the belowground ways to Estuary that is a great menace for the marine life. More over in recent old ages 40,000 metric dozenss of pollutants enter the Bay yearly from agribusiness and urban overflow. Rivers, atmospheric radioactive dust, municipal sewerage intervention workss, industrial installations, natural and unreal eroding, illegal clearance, dredging and dredged stuff disposal, marine vas discharges, inadvertent spills, and landfill ooze are besides doing jobs every bit good. ( 1 )Habitat break in the San Francisco Estuary been increased by human behaviourEstuaries is of great importance for us as these are used for nutrient, trade and for shelter and in this instance Sans Francisco Bay has great importance as it is used as seaport for many ships of this parts. There are big figure of workss and animate beings found in Estuaries and the most of population of San Francisco Bay depend on these marine lives for their nutrient. But due to the pollution spreading by addition in population cause injury to these workss and animate beings. This pollution can do harm to the lives of these workss and animate beings found in estuaries. Heavy burden of silt, rubbish, and deposits by eroding and chemical taint cause can turn out to be harmful for these workss and animate beings and can make asphyxiation for them. Due to increase in irrigation or by doing more dikes by the people can do jobs as more the salty H2O will travel upriver as comparison to normal everyday that can do destructive effect for species populating in the H2O. The most of import impact of human population in estuaries habitat in San Francisco is the development of estuaries. Peoples are seeking to acquire spread out the country of estuaries for development intent as they are rather interested to utilize the land for lodging and concern intent as they want to desire to use the part of estuaries for industrial development. Economically estuaries are really good for these intents but this can caused the doomed of big figure of home ground found in these estuaries. So it is harmful for the H2O species and go the cause of Habitat break in the San Francisco Estuary. Aquatic Nuisance Species ( ANS ) is transporting the being across America and around the Earth. This phenomena is increasing that cause injury to native fish and wild life in different ways as it disturb the full nutrient web and cause jobs for human life activity every bit good e.g. interrupting the H2O bringing and set uping the agribusiness every bit good.Conservation being used to advance and keep the biodiversity of workss and animate beings in the San Francisco EstuaryBiodiversity of workss and animate beings means scope of organisms including different workss and animate beings, present in ecological system. It is really of import to advance and keep the biodiversity of workss and animate beings to acquire the broad assortment of being that will be good and usage to carry through human demands. San Francisco Estuary is of great importance for the home ground of this part as they get of import benefits from them so to salvage this and to last from the loss of species found in t hese estuaries it is really of import to properly mange and develop the system to get away from the loss of marine species as good. Estuary of San Francisco Bay is of great importance in all over the universe. To procure it from un exceeding phenomena and widen the productive usage of it The San Francisco Estuary Partnership ( SFEP ) is playing really of import function as they have used different attacks to cut down the impact of Aquatic Nuisance Species ( ANS ) . They have start to see species direction program I order to retrieve the species of Estuary from harmful effects. Fish in the estuary demand O to last so the estuary where there is increased pollution that ‘s doing lost of marine life, Submerged aquatic flora ( SAV ) produces O for fish external respiration and to cut down the pollution. The Sans Francisco Bay preservation and development committee ( 2 ) prepared a program to do and implement the policies for the development of Bay and to use the maximal benefits from them. The Sans Francisco Bay program is created and implemented by this committee in 1968. The of import conversation of this program was related to shore line and coastal countries to use it to their maximal potency. Conservation of fish and other aquatic being is most significantly depend on the O that is provided to these beings, fresh H2O, handiness of nutrient for these beings, sufficient country of genteelness and quality of H2O. If these factors are organized in proper manner so it became possible to keep and better the biodiversity of workss and animate beings of Sans Francisco estuary. The Sans Francisco Bay preservation and development committee has taken of import stairss to reconstruct these constituents in order to guarantee the benefits for the future coevals of these fish, and other wild life of estuary. This committee besides provides recommendations in Bayland Ecosystem habitat Goal Report about the diverseness of home ground O heighten the assortment of aquatic workss and carnal species. The Baylands Ecosystem habitat Goal Report works to supply the of import information about the types, sum, and distribution of wetlands and its home grounds that are needed to keep a healthy eco system.DecisionSan Francisco Estuary is of great importance as this is a passage zone between watershed and ocean and economically this system has great importance for that part that ‘s the ground of Restoration of this estuary. Many action programs has made for the development, publicity and care of these Estuary and many more action programs are expected in close hereafter for farther development of this ecosystem.

Definition and Examples of Vocal Fry (or Creaky Voice)

Definition and Examples of Vocal Fry (or Creaky Voice) In speech, the term vocal fry refers to  a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below modal voice (the most commonly used vocal register in speech and singing). Also known as vocal fry register, creaky voice, pulse register, laryngealization, glottal rattle, and glottal fry.   Linguist Susan J. Behrens describes vocal fry as a type of phonation (vocal fold vibration) whereby the vocal folds start to slow down and beat irregularly before closing, toward the end of an utterance. This behavior causes a  rough voice quality, a lowered  voice pitch, and sometimes a slower rate of speech. All contribute to make a speakers voice sound creaky or raspy (Understanding Language Use in the Classroom,  2014). Examples and Observations Creaky voice involves a raspy quality of voice produced by reducing the amount of air passing through the vocal cords, which results in a non-pure or non-clear tone. It . . . carries a pragmatic meaning, often signalling the end of a turn, and is associated with younger female speech . . ..(Sandra Clarke, Newfoundland and Labrador English. Edinburgh University Press, 2010)Is your little princess sounding more like a frog? Speaking in a croaky voice, officially called vocal fry, has become normal among young women, new research published in the Journal of Voice finds. (Say Whaaat as if youre suffering from a very sore throat and youve got the sound.) But regularly talking this way could cause long-term vocal cord damage. Which means these women could end up not saying much at all.  (Leslie Quander Wooldridge, Croak Addicts. AARP Magazine, April/May 2012) Vocal Wrongness? The most recent trend in vocal wrongness is called vocal fry. Vocal fry is created when someone slips into a lower tone, usually at the end of a sentence, and this tone has a fried or creaky quality. Britney Spears and Kim Kardashian are infamous for this way of speaking, but research indicates men tend to speak with this raspy flaw as well. And vocal fry is on the rise, with two-thirds of college students in one study displaying it. The problem with using it is it conveys a sense that youre not confident, or in some cases, sure of what you are saying.  (Lee Thornton, Youre Doing It Wrong!. Adams Media, 2012) Young Women and Vocal Fry A classic example of vocal fry, best described as a raspy or croaking sound injected (usually) at the end of a sentence, can be heard when Mae West says, Why don’t you come up sometime and see me, or, more recently on television, when Maya Rudolph mimics Maya Angelou on Saturday Night Live.[L]inguists ... cautioned against forming negative judgments.If women do something like uptalk or vocal fry, it’s immediately interpreted as insecure, emotional or even stupid, said Carmen Fought, a professor of linguistics at Pitzer College in Claremont, Calif. The truth is this: Young women take linguistic features and use them as power tools for building relationships. ... It’s generally pretty well known that if you identify a sound change in progress, then young people will be leading old people, said Mark Liberman, a linguist at the University of Pennsylvania, and women tend to be maybe half a generation ahead of males on average. ... So what does the use of vocal fry denote? Like uptalk, women use it for a variety of purposes. Ikuko Patricia Yuasa, a lecturer in linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, called it a natural result of women’s lowering their voices to sound more authoritative.It can also be used to communicate disinterest, something teenage girls are notoriously fond of doing.(Douglas Quenqua, They’re, Like, Way Ahead of the Linguistic Currrrve. The New York Times, February 27, 2012) Vocal Fry and Meaning [V]oice quality changes contribute to meaning at many ... linguistic levels. Creaky voice (or vocal fry) often signals prominence within a sentence, the presence of linguistic boundaries like ends of sentences, or major changes of topic...  (Jody Kreiman and Diana Sidtis, Foundations of Voice Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Voice Production and Perception. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Creaky Voice Like breathy voice, creaky voice is also used as both a tool for age, gender, and social distinction, and for phonological contrast with some of the worlds languages.There is a minimum fundamental frequency below which modal voicing can no longer continueusually about a quarter of a persons average speaking fundamental. At this point the nature of phonation changes and the speaker begins to use creaky voice, also known as laryngealization or vocal fry. The term stiff voice has also been applied to a variety of phenomena that partially resemble creaky voice. In creaky voice, the vocal folds are very shortened and slackened to maximize their mass per unit length, and the IA muscles are contracted to draw the arytenoid cartilages together. This action allows the vocal folds to stay together for a much longer part of the phonation cycle than in modal voicing . . ., only allowing a tiny burst of air to escape between long closure periods.  (Bryan Gick, Ian Wilson, and Donald Derrick, Ar ticulatory Phonetics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) The Great Unnamed [W]e have no shared public language through which to speak about the voice or sound, in contrast to the wide vocabulary that weve developed for visual images. Sounds are still part of the great unnamed. Back in 1833 the American physician, James Rush, tried to identify different kinds of voiceswhispering, natural, falsetto, orotund, harsh, rough, smooth, full, thin, slender. By the 1970s phoneticians hadnt moved much beyond Rush in naming different types of voice. The terms they had come up withlike whispery voice, harsh voice, creaky voice, tense or lax voicewere never taken up by the public. Neither was more specialist terminology, like vocal fry, jitter, or shimmer, words which anyway have no agreed definition. Were in a state of terminological disarray, and few of us are able to describe the voice in words that arent either impressionistic or ambiguous.  (Anne Karpf, The Human Voice: The Story of a Remarkable Talent. Bloomsbury, 2006)

The Importance and Advantages of English Essays

The Importance and Advantages of English Essays The Importance and Advantages of English Essay The Importance and Advantages of English Essay THE IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF ENGLISH Once there was a popular quote saying that â€Å"The sun never set on the British Empire†. This statement is very close to the truth. Because of the geographic spread of the British colonies, some territory somewhere was always in daylight hours. Chief among many legacies left behind by this British colonization is none other than the English language. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many English speakers there are, but according to one estimate there are more than 350 million native English speakers. But more of interest to us is the fact that there are more than 400 million speakers of English as a second language. However, even these numbers do not really indicate how important English is as a world language, because less than 15% of the population uses English. At the same time English is not the most widely spoken language in the world in terms of number of native speakers. For example there are many more Chinese speakers than English speakers, but Chinese is used very little outside of Chinese communities making English the most widespread language in the world. The importance of English is not just in how many people speak it but what it is used for. English is the major language for news and information in the world. It is the language of business and government even in some countries where it is the minority language. It is the language of international air traffic control and maritime communication. American popular culture, primarily movies and music carries this language throughout the world. In some countries other than the United Kingdom English is the sole or dominant native language. It has that role in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Ireland. This is no surprise as all these countries are former British colonies. In other countries English is also the widely used, particularly among people who have no other language in common, even though it is not the dominant language of the country. For example, English is widely used n Hong Kong, Singapore, Nigeria, the Philippines, and here in Malaysia too. In such countries it is often used as a means of communication between people who have different native languages. Even here in Sunway University, we have among our population students from all over the world. Our mother tongues are all different and unique. How can we get by if not for English? In fact will we even be able to study in this university if not for the common language of English? Along side being here to pursue their chosen fields, the students’ proficiency and command of the English language will improve. Why study in English when one can study in ones own mother tongue? The answer is simple: because English has an impact by way of enhancing ones career prospects. The â€Å"global village† is a term widely tossed around in the increasingly borderless business world. As a result, developing countries do not want to miss out on business opportunities and foreign investments with better developed countries and better established companies. In order to keep up, they need an English speaking work force. This means today’s primary, middle, senior, and university students must prepare for a job in an English speaking work environment. A graduate who can converse in English fluently will therefore stand a far better chance of landing a job in a multi-national company then one who can speak only his or her native language, because English has, over time, proven itself as the major language of international business, diplomacy and science. English is also an official, or the official language, of many international organizations including the United Nations and many professional organizations. It is frequently the language of international conferences and it is the language of international athletics. Throughout the world many professional papers are published in English. Even papers that are published in other languages often have abstracts in English. As a student I have already realized that text books for many specialized subjects are available only in English. Demonstrating it has now become impossible to alienate ourselves from gaining competency in English. The banner â€Å"World Wide Web†- (WWW) : in the New York Times puts in place the importance of English in this ever evolving world that is beginning to be dominated by the internet, and even more so by computers and information technology. There is now increasing talk of the digital divide between those who can maximize the resources available digitally and those who can’t, especially those who have excess to the World Wide Web, but do not have sufficient proficiency in English. Three quarters of all telex messages and telegrams are sent in English. It has been said that 60% of the worlds radio broadcast and 70% of the worlds mail are in English. 80% of computer date are processed and stored in English. Much satellite communication is carried in English. Believe it or not it is estimated that 94% of internet sites are being written in English. Further more English remains the primary language for computer programming. English is the language that millions use everyday in speaking, writing and general communication but few people will do it well. Getting ones English into shape for serious academic study will no doubt be hard work especially for those of us who do not speak English as our mother tongue. It may not be an enjoyable process but inevitably compulsory because no matter how well you know or may think you know your subject area without the right level of fluency n English you shall struggle to pass your course. As it has been presented it can be concluded that English is a widespread and important language in the world today. It is used for everything from international conferences, news reports to popular music lyrics and popular video games. It is binding cord between native and non native speakers. Even though it does not have the greatest number of speakers in the world it is the most widely used language in the world. And it will be used by many more generations to come.

Globalization and Language Essay Example

Globalization and Language Essay Example Globalization and Language Essay Globalization and Language Essay Globalization is the process of something becoming global, being transformed from a local or regional phenomena into a global one. With globalization, there is a movement of people coming together, unifying into a single society and functioning together. This process is not only an economic one, but also affects the technologies, politics, and cultures of the entire world. It is facilitated by the media of communications. Through radio and satellite information, we can reach the entire globe almost instantly; important events, or those deemed important by the people controlling the media, are broadcast around the world. This rapid flow of information around the earth is the globalization of knowledge, which is generally a good thing. However, with globalization there is the fear of homogenization when it comes to local cultures and customs. With popular culture being broadcast everywhere and imitated, the entire world is slowly starting to look, sound, smell, and even taste the same, no matter where you travel. This effect of globalization is commonly seen as a negative consequence of the modern world. Since the sharing of information is an integral part of globalization, the language or languages this information is transmitted in is fundamental to the process. Currently, experts believe there are around 6,500 languages in use today. Out of those, however, only 11 languages account for more than half of what the world’s population speaks daily. Those languages include Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, Hindi, French, Bengali, Portuguese, Russian, German, Japanese, Arabic, and English. : On the flip side, it is believed that more than half of the world’s languages have fewer than 5,000 people currently speaking it, and on average one language is lost every two weeks. Since language is one of the major signifiers and connecting factors of a culture, it can be inferred by just looking at these statistics that so many languages being lost and barely used is an indicator of the loss of those cultures as well. It is easy to see that with globalization, imported cultures can push out the indigenous ones- wiping out the smaller cultures and languages while homogenizing the local linguistic varieties. A good example of this is Canada. When the area was first colonized in the early 1600s, there were over 60 active languages being spoken. Now however, apart from the domination of English and French, only one native language has succeeded somewhat in staying alive: Inuktitut, spoken in the Northern regions of Canada by approximately 35,000 Inuits. Extreme examples such as this, however, are due to a very forced kind of globalization whereby the new culture has taken over and, in many cases, purposely wiped out the native customs. Left to its own devices, though, similar results will occur, just over a longer period of time. There is evidence, on the other hand, that this theory of linguistic homogenization may not be the case. Recently, steps have been taken to help preserve those minority languages that are at risk of being lost like so many already have. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML), for example, is a treaty adopted in 1992 under the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe, applying only to those languages traditionally used by the nationals of the specific country, thereby excluding languages used by recent immigrants. These protected languages cannot be merely local dialects of the official or majority languages, though, and must either have a territorial basis, traditionally spoken by populations of regions within the State, or be used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole, thus including languages such as Yiddish and Romani which are used over a large geographic area including multiple countries. The treaty sets out a number of specific measures to promote minority languages over all fields of public life, of which the country must choose at least 35 to enact. This charter has been used by more than 20 European countries, most notably in Spain where Basque, Catalan, and Galician have all won co-official status, in order to maintain and develop Europe’s cultural traditions and heritage, but also to respect the right to use a minority language in private and public life. The fact that this treaty was made and the reasoning behind it illustrates the importance languages have to our cultures and the growing concern over their possible extinction. Due to the way globalization works, it would make sense that the most widely spoken language would also be the dominating culture, but this isn’t quite true. Chinese is the language with the most number of speakers, with estimates of well over 1 billion people currently using it. English has only over half the number of speakers Chinese does, but is listed as the official or co-official language of over 45 countries. This makes more sense when you see that China’s population is around 1. billion, while the combined populations of the United States and the UK don’t quite reach 400 million. However, nearly 2 billion people are currently learning English and it is the de facto language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and tourism. Also, over half of all Internet websites are written in English, and it is still the most commonly used language between people of different linguistic backgrounds. With such a large chunk of the world speaking Chinese, however, you would think that English would not dominate the world so heavily. There are quite a few reasons why English has won out in the past, though. First and foremost, because it was the official language of the British Empire, which comprised of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled by the United Kingdom that had originated with the colonies and trading posts established in the 16th and 17th centuries. This was the beginning of the spread of English and globalization as a whole. By the 1920s, the British Empire covered nearly a quarter of the earth’s landmass and ruled about a quarter of the world’s population, all of which was governed by the English language. What’s interesting to note is that some of these previously colonized nations have chosen to keep English as their official language. This can be seen in India, where in 1950, the freed government decided to name Hindi as the official language and planned to phase out all use of English by 1965. However, since India has so many linguistic and ethnic minorities contained in it’s territory with more than 400 native languages, it was decided that having English as its official language, and Hindi as co-official, would be a more ‘ethnically neutral’ option. This decision to use English because of its neutrality can be seen in other places as well. In Iraq, the Kurdish officials refuse to do business with the central government in Arabic, instead choosing English. Because they know that the government will not nderstand their own native tongue, they use English as a symbol of resistance to the cultural and political hegemony of the Arabic-speaking majority. Also, in some former French colonies where French is the ethnically neutral lingua franca, people are starting to see English as a better option not only for its versatility in the world, but also because promoting English rather than French can be a kind of resistance to neo-colonialism in their country. C urrently, English still thrives as the most popular language because it has become a business tool. With much of the world’s economy tied up in English-speaking countries, such as the United States, and a common language needed to be able to communicate, it only makes sense that the major power would determine what language will dominate the world market. This choice of English is incidental, many believe, and subject to change. â€Å"If the dollar continues to drop,† says Josh Hayden, president of a social networking site for English learners around the world, â€Å"the most viable option could shift. Mexico and Korea don’t need English to communicate if Korea begins to find it profitable to learn Spanish. † (Dubner) English has also been able to survive as a dominating language because of its inherent linguistic properties. It is a very adaptable, quickly-evolving language which easily incorporates loan words from other languages, keeping it alive and growing. It’s also a fairly simple language, grammatically, since it lack grammatical gender, adjectival agreement, and contains minimal inflection, unlike most other Indo-European languages. Unlike Chinese, it is a-tonal, thus making it much easier to pronounce, and though there are many exceptions to the rules in English, it is a language very forgiving to accents, mispronunciations, and mistakes, making it one of the easiest languages for non-native speakers to learn and express themselves in. With this wide spread of English that is being co-opted and modified by so many non-native speakers, many believe that there will be a proliferation of ‘glocal’ Englishes- languages mixing English with their local dialect. This effect can already be seen in the many pidgin and creole dialects, simplified languages formed from two or more separate dialects, found in places around the world. So while English may be wiping out many languages, it can be argued that at the same time, it is giving birth to new ones. An interesting substitute for English as the global language I found during my research is a language called Esperanto. Esperanto, which means ‘one who hopes’ in the language, is the most widely spoken constructed international language in the world, with estimates of nearly 2 million fluent speakers. It was developed in 1887 by L. L. Zamenhof as a universal second language to foster peace between countries and international understanding. Today, it is used in things like world travel, cultural exchange conventions, radio broadcasting, and is the working language of several non-profit international organizations. The language itself is a kind of pidgin, employing grammar and semantics from Indo-European languages, phonemics from Slavic languages, and vocabulary mostly from Romance languages, and is growing in popularity around the world. As it advances, globalization seems to be picking up speed, and soon we may be hearing about language learning and language conservation as more debatable political issues. It is no longer sensible to associate certain languages with certain places; nobody owns language any more and this may prove to be especially troubling to those whose language is popularly used by non-native speakers. Whether or not languages homogenize or English stays as the dominating language are very disputable issues that have yet to be seen, but what’s obvious is that globalization is an integral driving force in the transformation of our world, breaking down territories and dividing lines and opening up information available to everyone. Amaladoss, Michael. â€Å"Global Homogenization† . Dubner, Stephen J. â€Å"What Will Globalization Do to Languages? † The New York Times, May 28, 2008. Hoelzgen, Joachim. â€Å"Language Nerds to Tackle Globalization† Spiegel Online, June 4, 2008.

Research Project Proposal on Emerging Technologies

Project on Emerging Technologies - Research Proposal Example To begin with, tutors want to be able to collaborate with their as well as colleagues using a means that is relatively cheap or free since educators spend a lot of their own money on numerous resources (Wylie, 2012). Twiddla provides software based on the internet that has free access and this is perfect for any meeting that does not need privacy or the need to login at a later time to look at saved meetings. The platform also has a set of math symbols that can be embedded on the whiteboard spaces being used by a teacher or students (Bernard, 2011). This is important since it is difficult to conduct a math discussion without the symbols required and many sites do not integrate these symbols in their boards. Collaborating using Twiddla simply necessitates a computer, a browser and a link to the internet so that the students and teachers do have to download software which is very helpful and all the host is required to do is start a meeting after which he or she shares the URL provided with the others and the meeting can go on. Apart from the invite that is hassle-free, all the tools are easy to use and need minimal explanation making them practical for the K-12 classroom. The site allows the students to explore each tool without worrying about ruining anything or making mistakes since it integrates an erase tool or the option of starting on a new sheet. One characteristic of Twiddla that makes it more conducive to progressive learning methods is that gives all the users an ability to make on the whiteboard in an easy way. Typically, in the case of an in-person classroom, only the teacher marks on the whiteboard and this cannot be blamed on the teaching philosophy but rather has more to do with the logical constraints of having many students moving up and down in the classroom and standing in front of the whiteboard so that they

Ethical Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Decisions - Essay Example The economic and social conditions surrounding us continuously evolve, new technologies are developed, and new products are introduced; above all, the social infrastructure is continuously being built and renovated, and the institutional arrangements concerning education, medicine, culture, and other fields are constantly changing. In the face of these complications, it seems almost impossible to reach a consensus about the intrinsic meaning of sustainabiliy with respect to the natural environment. Nuclear power, atomic weapons, gene engineering, genetically modified food and water pollution will cause great problems for future generations "unable to cope with these threats" (Lomborg 2001, 87). Out duty is to minimize harmful effect of modern technology and progress on our children and save out planet from dying. Our duty to people in the past is to remember their achievements and contribution to science, culture and economy which had a great impact on historical development and curr ent progress. Our duty is to value and keep their information and major achievements. Cultural and scientific heritage of the past should be kept because it impossible to render and reconstruct masterpieces and scientific knowledge. Children remain the prime source of old-age security, allowing many elders who can no longer work to achieve the cultural ideal of sitting by the fire and having food brought to them. 2. There should be a general statement of 'human rights' because all people are equal and should be equally treated in all countries across the world. The place of the individual is important as there is recognition of the normative and legal importance of protecting human rights over states' rights. All people around the world should be fairly treated according to the essential rights of man. The 'global human rights' should include such concepts as freedom, liberty and universal justice. Justice must be approached in practical terms that address the contradictions and complexities of the present-day world. These inquiries find relevance in contexts in which the pursuit of justice is a matter not of an imagined or desired future, but of an all-too-real present replete with dilemmas and risks. The main feature of justice is the pervasive need to find a balance between contradictory pressures. "Each individual aspect needs to be interpreted from the perspective of justice to assess wh ether its promise and performance is to be viewed positively" (Chandler Herman 2002, 51). Liberty and freedom is important because rights entitle people from one countries or social groups to equality with other social group or nationality. People should have universal rights such as freedom of movement, the right to take part in public affairs, directly or through elected representatives; and the right to free choice and practice of religion. Freedom means absence of restrictions and compulsion imposed on a person. The concept of freedom coexisted with the idea of liberty, which in effect relegated most dimensions of justice to the internal relations between state and society. With the separation of church and state that accompanied the rise of the modern state, the notion of freedom assumed a specifically and predominantly secular character that could no longer be interpreted merely as an extension of religious thought. These universal human rights should be introduced on the global scale because all

Condition monitoring- Fault diagnosis Literature review

Condition monitoring- Fault diagnosis - Literature review Example onlinear behavior of the manufacturing device has regression performed to filter out noise through the utilization of a kernel based Bayesian structure. The GA tabulates the near optimal control parameters in order to maximize the required objective (Yuan et al., 2007). Rotating machinery fault diagnosis has been attempted using thermal imaging processed through RVM methods in combination with bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and generalized discriminant analysis (GDA). The BEMD enhanced thermal image is treated with GDA to reduce features after which RVM is implemented for fault classification (Tran et al., 2013). RVM has been compared to support vector machine (SVM) methods to demonstrate its robustness for gear fault detection. Compared to SVM, the RVM method required lesser kernel functions and learning time while demonstrating comparable performance (He et al., 2009). RVM combined with GA has been utilized in state classification of roll bearings. The GA is applied to determine training parameters for RVM. Experimentation and analysis revealed that the application of GA in combination with RVM produced better results than back propagation neural networks and SVM (Li & Liu, 2010). A comparison of multi class RVM and SVM methods for low speed bearing fault detection revealed that RVM methods held great promise for accurate fault classification. Component analysis was carried out in order to classify features and to reduce the dimensions of the raw data set. Fault diagnosis was carried out with feature extraction and without it (Widodo et al., 2009). Wavelet packet feature extraction was applied in tandem with RVM for detecting gear faults. Using the Fisher criterion, the discrimination power of the features is tabulated and two optimal features are selected in the time domain and wavelet domain. These are used as inputs to the RVM. Comparisons with SVM revealed that the RVM based method produced better results for online classification (Li

Music Contract Negotiations and Publishing Essay

Music Contract Negotiations and Publishing - Essay Example Music publishers have diverse roles such as working on a creative entity with the songwriters in composing of new songs, enforcing as well as protecting copyrights, seeking licensees for the song, entering into arrangements with regard to licensing, and collecting as well as disbursing the income among others. Just as the songwriters, copyright laws, and collecting societies have changed, advancements in technology has changed ways in which music publishers operate. It has led to enlargement of potential sources of profit, making the industry lucrative and at the same time complex (Biederman 2007). Therefore, this essay discusses in length on the role of music publishers, the history as well as the changes in the music publishing industry, and how publishers can realize their future potential. Music publishers play an essential role in ensuring that the career of songwriters is successful. Whether or not songwriters are establishing their name or developing talents, publishers are invaluable to them since they guarantee that they are protected and their songs are not exploited. To some extent, music publishers facilitate earning prospects for songwriters and artists whose professions are not lucrative. Although most of the artists do not have ownership rights, one of the key components in the relationship between publishers and songwriters is the division as far as copyright ownership is concerned. This means that the more services the publisher offers such as licensing and being creative, the more ownership they have. Over the years, music publishers have made tremendous improvement in the music industry. They ensure successful synch licensing, demo recording and exemplary creativity. For instant, the Kobalt music Group is an independent publisher that has advanced techn ological systems that has redefined the industry. Although it does not have ownership of copyrights, it incorporates innovative elements

Motivation and how management can use it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Motivation and how management can use it - Essay Example The late Marvin Bower, who transformed McKinsey & Co. into one of the best management consulting firms in the world, said that the "ability to inspire and require workers to be their best is the greatest resource of any business, and that the rewards for doing so include growth for the business itself, and growth in competitive position, size, and profits" (Edersheim, 2004, p. 65). Much literature about theories of motivation and work relate to the subject of inspiring employees to be their best (Gagne and Deci, 2005; Ambrose and Kulik, 1999). This paper explores how managers can use theories of motivating employees to make the workplace better, more profitable, and efficient. A manager's job is to get things done through their employees, so knowing how to motivate employees is always a challenge that has never been easy and is not getting any easier. Many changes driven by worldwide social and economic forces are happening in the workplace and in the workers themselves. The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s and the globalization of businesses are transforming corporations - public and private, large and small - in a radical way (Stiglitz, 2002). Global competition and the rise of democracy are pressuring companies to be more competitive, agile, and lean, changing the nature of organizational structures and the relationships between managers and workers (Micklethwait & Wooldridge, 2000). Another change agent is the progress of information and communications technology, especially the Internet and mobile computing, which has altered the nature of communication within the organization and the quality of the workforce. Workers are more educated and knowledgeable, able to gain quick access to information and perform knowledge-based tasks in an atmosphere of teamwork and collaboration (Heerwagen, Kelly, & Kampshroer, 2005). As the workplace structure and the workers themselves change, management faces the problem posed by Gerstner (2002) after a successful ten-year effort to bring IBM Corporation out of a crisis: How do you pull the levers of motivation to change the attitudes, behavior, and thinking of a population Of course, different people are motivated by different things. Some by money. Some by advancement. Some by recognition. For some, the most effective motivation is fear - or anger. For others, that doesn't (sic) work; it's learning, or the opportunity to make an impact, to see their efforts produce concrete results. Most people can be roused by the threat of extinction. And most can be inspired by a compelling vision of the future. Over the past ten years, I've pulled most of those levers (p. 203). Effectively changing the attitudes, behavior, and thinking of workers demands that a manager knows what levers of motivation to pull in the first place. Theories, Concepts, and Practices Much research has been done to identify empirically-proven theories and methods that managers can use to motivate their

Music Contract Negotiations and Publishing Essay

Music Contract Negotiations and Publishing - Essay Example Music publishers have diverse roles such as working on a creative entity with the songwriters in composing of new songs, enforcing as well as protecting copyrights, seeking licensees for the song, entering into arrangements with regard to licensing, and collecting as well as disbursing the income among others. Just as the songwriters, copyright laws, and collecting societies have changed, advancements in technology has changed ways in which music publishers operate. It has led to enlargement of potential sources of profit, making the industry lucrative and at the same time complex (Biederman 2007). Therefore, this essay discusses in length on the role of music publishers, the history as well as the changes in the music publishing industry, and how publishers can realize their future potential. Music publishers play an essential role in ensuring that the career of songwriters is successful. Whether or not songwriters are establishing their name or developing talents, publishers are invaluable to them since they guarantee that they are protected and their songs are not exploited. To some extent, music publishers facilitate earning prospects for songwriters and artists whose professions are not lucrative. Although most of the artists do not have ownership rights, one of the key components in the relationship between publishers and songwriters is the division as far as copyright ownership is concerned. This means that the more services the publisher offers such as licensing and being creative, the more ownership they have. Over the years, music publishers have made tremendous improvement in the music industry. They ensure successful synch licensing, demo recording and exemplary creativity. For instant, the Kobalt music Group is an independent publisher that has advanced techn ological systems that has redefined the industry. Although it does not have ownership of copyrights, it incorporates innovative elements

Print vs. Digital Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Print vs. Digital Media - Research Paper Example During that time, there were fewer publishing firms and most of the times, a lot of works ended up not being published. As a result they still remain unnoticed to this date. Through the ages, the significance of print media has slightly reduced; however, its importance still remains the same as back in the ancient times. The popularity of certain print journals and/ or books in the past such as the â€Å"Excursion to Scotland, 1832† clearly shows that despite digital media being the most preferred form of media in the 21st century, print media still has its sound roots in 21st century media culture. The journal was written in a bid to recount an excursion that started out in London to Scotland and back again in 1832. To date the author of the journal is anonymous probably because there was no proper channels of recording print information as well its storage. Despite that, this journal is currently preserved in the Internet archive as one of the most indulging novels of the 18 th century. Another form of ancient print media was the book â€Å"The Book Hunter in Paris† by Octave Uzanne. It was written just a year after the â€Å"Excursion to Scotland, 1832†. Due to its significance, the book is currently preserved as a digital copy to ensure that it will still be available in a number of years to come. The 20th century saw the optimal boom in the use of digital forms of mass media such as the Internet media as well as broadcast internet media. A good example of internet media is the use of online travel blogs which can be accessed by anybody anywhere in the world. Literature review According to Chitra and Neelamalar (2013), print media can be termed as the â€Å"mother† of communication due to the fact... This essay approves that the digital media with its immense advantages has overtaken the utilities of print media in this present day context. It has been viewed that in Europe, people reading newspaper is very less in comparison with the one using the internet. The digital media is more interactive and effective as compared to print media. If an example is to be taken into concern in this regard, then it can be stated that the promotional campaign of a certain product of a specific company carried with the assistance of digitalized media helps to communicate directly with the customers and solve their problems on spot. However, print media does not promote such facility. In a general sense, one of the differences between print media and digital media can be represented as that print media contains writing on the bound books paper and digital media comprise writing on computer screen. This report makes a conlusion that the above study was conducted with an intention to attain knowledge of print media and digital media in the context of mass communication. The print media is the foundation of printing technique in the world, which later developed to digitalized form. The digital media came into popularity when there was a greater need of printing in bulk quantities and within the stipulated time period. Both the forms of media have contributed a lot to mass communication. In this case, it can be affirmed that none of the aspects i.e. print media and digital media cannot be replaced as such books in the form of print media cannot be substituted by the television or neither the internet access as digital media can be replaced by reading newspaper.

The idea and attitudes of the poets Essay Example for Free

The idea and attitudes of the poets Essay All three poems are about outsiders and issues that they find important. Issues that most of us would take for granted if we were not actually in that particular group. The first poem half-caste by John Agard addresses the issue of being half-caste. The poet ridicules the use of the term half-caste. The poet does this in a very light-hearted and fun way. He asks if Picasso is second rate just because he mixed colours in his paintings and he asks if the English weather is classed as half-caste weather because its always overcast in England. Should Tchaikovskys work or music be classed as second rate just because he used both the black and white notes on his piano. The point he is trying to make to the reader is is someone who is called a half-caste only half a person? The point of the poem is to try and get the reader to be a bit more open-minded. He deliberately uses very well known people; geniuses even, as examples to make his point. The poet uses colloquial English and imperatives and starts the poem by using the phrase excuse me. He does this to try and attract attention and to get people to listen. He also uses the phrase explain yuself and wha you mean numerous times throughout the poem (repetition). Again, the idea is to get the reader/listener to think in a more open-minded way, and why we might be using the term half-caste. The poet has very effectively used dialect to make his point that the term half-caste is normally used when there is a afro-Caribbean mixed-race person involved. The poem is written in 5 stanzas of varying lengths. The poet uses short lines throughout the poem and this gives more impact to his point. He uses stanzas because it possibly gives the reader a chance to reflect on what has been said. The poet cleverly lets sentences run on into the next stanza so that when the poem is read it can possibly be read angrily in one stanza but then with the gaps and the sentence running into the next stanza almost pleadingly as he tries to make people understand. However, there are times in the poem especially when referring to the term half-caste which could be read out angrily just to make that point stand out more forcefully. The second poem search for my tongue by Sujata Bhatt, tries to deal with the difficulty immigrants might have speaking two languages. This poem uses both English and Gujarati to make this point. The poet wonders whether she will forget her mother tongue but by the end of the poem is quite sure that she wont. The poem is written in three sections. In the first section the poet expresses her worries about losing her mother tongue. In the second section she explains these ideas in Gujarati whilst in the third section she dreams that although she may feel that she is losing her mother tongue, it was in fact growing stronger within her. By using the phrase I have lost my tongue the poet is cleverly telling us how confused she is and does not know what to say. While dreaming, the poet uses metaphors to describe her tongue. She compares it with a plant when she says it grows back, a stump of a shoot grows longer. I feel that the poem should be read sadly when reading about the idea of losing the mother tongue but angrily at the thought of speaking a foreign tongue and happily towards the end of the poem when she dreams about the mother tongue getting stronger in her mind. The third poem Blessing by Imtiaz Dharker is set in a third world country. We assume this because midway through the poem he describes people rushing out from huts to collect water. The poet is trying to emphasise the importance of water to life. The poet compares water with silver and liquid sun using metaphorical language. Both silver and liquid sun reflects valuable items and thereby stipulating the importance of water to life. The poet sees water as a blessing and uses this as a central metaphor. The poem has been written in four stanzas. As it comes across as a more serious poem it gives the reader a moment to reflect on what has just been read. The poet uses short lines to get his point across and give it more impact. He uses short stanzas when describing the lack of water and longer stanzas when there is a plentiful supply of water. The poet uses a simile in his first line of the poem when he begins with the skin cracks like a pod. This gives an image of serious drought conditions. The poet uses words such as rush or fortune and silver crashes deliberately. These words are to do with wealth and fortune. This emphasises the importance of water to the villages. The poet also uses religious imagery. She describes people coming out from their huts to collect water as a congregation. The poem refers to men, women and children in stanza three, but only to the children in stanza four. This is because most people are sympathetic towards children and can give more emotion to the poem. The poem also stresses the different way the adults and the children behave at the sight of water. Whilst the adults are busy collecting water, the children play around the water gleefully. The children are obviously unaware of how serious the situation was without water. The poem can probably be read in a pitiful tone, sympathising with the poor and cheerfully when the pipe bursts and there is water about. All three poems deal with issues important to the minority of this country. Each poet is able to convey their thoughts and feelings very effectively and each one is able to do so using their own methods of writing. Each poem uses various imagery and language to get the point across. Each poem has been effective in getting across their points across and making readers think of how a problem that they perceive as being simple, is actually very important to the people concerned.

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis Techniques

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis Techniques The oxford dictionary defines a risk as a situation involving exposure to danger. In business, an occurrence is said to be risky if it has the probability of an adverse outcome. Others words typically used in association with risks are words such as hazards and threats. In most cases, were mitigation controls are not implemented, a risk could result in the loss of financial or material assets, or more critically, it could lead to loss of life. Organisations therefore need a technique to assist in the identification and classification of risks; hence the relevance of Risk analysis. Risk analysis assists in defining preventive measures to reduce the probability of identified threats occurring. Information Technology (IT) managers are able to add value to organisations by using the principles of risk analysis to ensure that businesses remain existent in the face of a risk. The risk analysis process involves three processes: Hazard identification, Risk assessment and Risk evaluation. Hazard identification is the process of identifying undesired or adverse events that lead to the materialisation of a hazard []. Risk assessment is the process of determining the size and magnitude of a risk. Finally, Risk evaluation is the process of assessing the risk in terms of its significance, gravity, or seriousness. [] Mathematically, the risk equation can be expressed as: Risk = (Impact * Likelihood) or Risk = (Probability * Likelihood) [] Impact measures the level of loss to the organisation. Loss can either be financial or operational and Likelihood measures the probability of feeling the impact. Risk Assessment Methodology Risk assessment is the systematic evaluation of the likelihood of an adverse effect arising from exposure in a defined population. The focus for IT security managers is risk assessment that is geared towards meeting the confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of information resources []. Risk Analysis Techniques Risk analysis techniques can be broken down into two broad methods: Qualitative Risk Analysis and Quantitative Risk Analysis. Regardless of the technique selected by an IT security manager, an understanding of the organisations process assets i.e. how risks were handled in the past, the scope of the project in question and plans that have been put in place to manage risks have to be clearly defined. Qualitative Risk Analysis Qualitative risk analysis involves the use of relative concepts to determine risk exposure [] thereafter, a relative classification system is employed where risks are classified as high, medium or low []. Qualitative risk analysis allows IT managers perform systematic examinations of threats and risks to the organisation. It also provides the opportunity for a review of proposed countermeasures and safeguards to determine the best cost-benefit implementation []. Using this technique requires IT managers to develop a scope plan, assemble a quality team, identify threats and prioritise threats. Advantages of Qualitative Risk Assessment Technique: Ease of calculation: when compared with quantitative technique, performing calculations using a qualitative technique is relatively simple. Monetary value of assets does not need to be determined: to perform a qualitative risk assessment, IT managers dont need to come up with a monetary value assets identified during the initial asset identification phase. It is not necessary to quantify threat frequency: because this technique does not require complex calculations, IT managers do not have to quantify the number of times a certain threat is likely to It is easier to involve non-security and non-technical staff: though it is important to select as risk assessment team members, this technique does not require that selected team members consist solely of technical members. Flexibility in process and reporting Drawback of Qualitative Risk Assessment Techniques Below is a discussion on the drawbacks of qualitative risk assessment techniques Qualitative techniques are subjective in nature- i.e. rather than relying on statistical data or evidence for its results, it is dependent on the quality of the risk management team that created it. The Cost-benefit analysis technique which assists in justifying the need for investing in controls is not used in qualitative risk assessment. It does not differentiate sufficiently between important risks. Attributes of Qualitative Risk Assessments: Qualitative risk assessment techniques offer a relatively faster process when compared with quantitative techniques; its emphasises are on descriptions as against statistical data, as such, teams members need not be overly technical to take part in a qualitative analysis process. In addition, values from a qualitative risk assessment are not actual values. In other words, they are perceived valued. Finally, its findings are simple and expressed in relative terms understandable by non-technical people therefore requiring little or no training before its results can be understood. Qualitative Risk Assessment Tools / Techniques: A number of tools are available for carrying out qualitative risk assessment a few of them are discussed below: Probability and impact matrix: the probability and impact matrix illustrates a risk rating assignment for identified risks. Each risk is rated on its probability of occurrence and impact upon objective. Risk probability and impact assessment: using this tool involves the risk analysis team rating the projects risks and opportunities []. Ishikawa (Fishbone cause and effects diagrams): the cause and effect diagram can be used to explore all the possible or actual causes (or inputs) that result in a single effect (or output). This tool can be used for identifying areas where there maybe problems and to examine causes of risks. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA): the FMEA method starts by considering the risk events and then proceeds to predict all their possible effects in a chart form. [] Quantitative Risk Assessment IT security managers as decision makers are susceptible to biased perception. as such, they require a means of accurately determining risks such that potential risk factors are not overlooked this hence the need for quantitative risk assessments. Quantitative risk analysis generally follows on from the qualitative risk analysis process. It aims to numerically analyse the probability of each risk and its consequence on the project objectives as well as the extent of overall project risk. Quantitative Risk Assessment Techniques In quantitative risk analysis processing, techniques such as Monte Carlo'[] and Bayesian simulations can be employed because they provide indispensible tools to the risk assessment team. These tools assist the team in determining the probability of achieving a specific project objective. They are equally used to quantify the risk exposure for the project and determine the size of cost and schedule contingency reserves that may be needed. Additionally, they identify the risks which require the most attention by quantifying their relative contributions to project risk. Advantages of Quantitative Risk Assessment Using quantitative assessments IT managers are able to present the results of risk assessment in a straight forward manner to support the accounting based presentation of senior managers. [] As results are statistical in nature, it aids in determining whether an expensive safeguard is worth purchasing or not. The process requires the risk assessment team to put great effort into assets value definition and mitigation as a result; its results are based substantially on independently objective processes and metrics. Finally, carrying out a quantitative risk analysis is fairly simple and can easily follow a template type approach. Drawbacks of Quantitative Risk Assessment Calculations involved in quantitative risk assessments are complex and time consuming. Its results are presented in monetary terms only and as such, may be difficult for non-technical people to interpret. The process requires expertise so participants cannot be easily coached through it. Impact values assigned to risks are based on opinions of participants.[] Attributes of Quantitative risk assessment Accuracy of results from quantitative risk assessment tends to increase over time as the organisation builds historic record of data while gaining experience. Results generated from a quantitative assessment are financial in nature, making quantitative techniques useful for cost benefit analysis. Quantitative Risk Assessment Tools Decision Trees Analysis: the decision tree is a useful tool for choosing an option from alternatives. It is used to explore different options and the outcome of selecting a specific option. Sensitivity Analysis: This technique is used to determine the risks which are likely to have the highest impact on the project. In sensitivity analysis, the effect of each risk is examined while keeping all other uncertain elements at baseline values.[] Striking a Balance As already highlighted above, both approaches to risk management have their advantages and disadvantages. Certain situations may call for organisations to adopt the quantitative approach. Conversely, smaller organisations with limited resources will probably find the qualitative approach better fitting. Furthermore, in selecting a risk analysis technique, IT security managers should select a technique that best reflects the needs of the organisation. The decision on which risk analysis technique to use should depend on what the manager is attempting to achieve. It is this suggestion of this paper that an integration of qualitative and quantitative risk analysis techniques be adopted by IT security managers to create a more comprehensive analytical approach. This can be understood as a Hybrid Risk Analysis Approach. Capturing risks and selecting controls are important, however more important is an effective risk assessment process establishing the risk levels. Before an organisation can decide on what to do, it must first identify where and what the risks are. Quantitative risk analysis requires risk identification after which both qualitative and quantitative risk analysis processes can be used separately or together. Consideration of time and budget availability and the need for both types of analysis statements about risk and impact will determine which method(s) to use.[ ]

Essay --

1. Task: Write the title or the code of exercises that need to be completed (e.g. Lab Exercise 1) Lab Work 1 2. Objectives: List the objectives of doing the exercise 2.1. To learn how to use the array list 2.2. Create a generic class of Array list of 30 hotels 2.3.To complete Hotel ADT class 2.4 To display the name of all hotels and their location 2.5 Calculate and display the number of room for each Hotel that input by user 3. Algorithm and design: Write the steps to solve the problem and/or the design of the solution Hotel -sName : String -sDistrict : String -iNumRoom : int +Hotel() +Hotel(String,String,int) +getData(String,String,int) : void +getName() : String +getDistrict() : String +getNumRoom() : int +getCalculateTax() : double +isLarge() : boolean +display() : String Demo Hotel : Flow Chart START Declaration of all variable: sName,sInput, sDistrict,iNumRoom,bIsLarge,str Instantiate the ArrayList's object ArrayListhotelList = new ArrayList(30) Create Object H for(int iNo = 1; iNo Ask user to :use JoptionPane "Enter Hotel Name :" "Enter district of hotel :" "Enter room number :" "The Hotel is large? ( yes / no ) :" for(int iIndex = 0; iIndex System.out.println(display()); END 4. Code listings and output evidence: Program code and ... ....String) 4. Method setData in Class Hotel cannot be applied to given types 6. Total time (hours) taken to complete the exercise: Write the actual hours you took to do the exercise 5 hours 7. Comments of the easiness or difficulties or experience in completing the exercise: Comments about what you have learned from doing the exercises After completing this exercise, I had already know How to create an ArrayList.In my opinion this lab work is quite tough because I need to Search and list 30 real name Hotel in Malaysia.In this Task User must Also need to input 30 time of hotel information it’s became a problem because when I enter the input more than 10 time.my blue Jay will have a problem .either I’t close I’t self or Nothing appear at the JOptionPane show input dialog box. Cause of this problem I need to rewrite the hotel information to many time.

Rapid Economic Growth In East Asian Countries :: essays research papers

Rapid Economic Growth In East Asian Countries Over the past decade, there has been rapid long-term economic growth for East Asian countries. These newly industrialising countries are experiencing growth rates in GDP per head at around 6% to 7% compared to the 2% to 3% for most industrial economies. If this growth continues, South Korea and Taiwan might take away America's distinction as the world's richest country. This rapid economic growth is a result of several economic and political factors. The pace of economic development, growth in world trade and communications, and the investment in physical capital and education have all played a role in the sudden rise of the East Asian economies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One factor which has helped the long-term economic growth of South Korea and Taiwan is the pace of economic development. The pace has accelerated over time. As time progresses, countries seem to be able to grow at a much more rapid rate. From 1780, it took Great Britain 58 years to double its real income per head. It took America 47 years to double in the 1800's while Japan took 34 years from the late 19th century. Finally, South Korea was able to double its real income per head in an amazing 11 years from 1966. It would seem that the later a country has industrialised, the faster it has been able to do so. Another important factor is the degree to which a country is behind the industrial leaders. In the case of the East Asian countries, South Korea and Taiwan, both started out with an extremely low income per head. This allowed much faster growth when copying the leaders. It is important to realize that these growth rates should slow as the countries catch up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An area in which East Asia is investing much of its GDP is in physical capital and education. Compared to the industrial leaders, the East Asian countries have sustained a much higher investment in these areas. South Korea invests 35% of its GDP which is more than double America's capital spending. The East Asian countries have placed much emphasis upon education. Education is the key to mastering the technologies which they have been borrowing from the economic leaders of the world. The standards of education for these countries have improved as rapidly as their economies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another factor which has helped the long-term economic growth of these East Asian countries is the global market. No longer is a country's economy hurt by a small domestic market. World trade has grown tremendously over the Rapid Economic Growth In East Asian Countries :: essays research papers Rapid Economic Growth In East Asian Countries Over the past decade, there has been rapid long-term economic growth for East Asian countries. These newly industrialising countries are experiencing growth rates in GDP per head at around 6% to 7% compared to the 2% to 3% for most industrial economies. If this growth continues, South Korea and Taiwan might take away America's distinction as the world's richest country. This rapid economic growth is a result of several economic and political factors. The pace of economic development, growth in world trade and communications, and the investment in physical capital and education have all played a role in the sudden rise of the East Asian economies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One factor which has helped the long-term economic growth of South Korea and Taiwan is the pace of economic development. The pace has accelerated over time. As time progresses, countries seem to be able to grow at a much more rapid rate. From 1780, it took Great Britain 58 years to double its real income per head. It took America 47 years to double in the 1800's while Japan took 34 years from the late 19th century. Finally, South Korea was able to double its real income per head in an amazing 11 years from 1966. It would seem that the later a country has industrialised, the faster it has been able to do so. Another important factor is the degree to which a country is behind the industrial leaders. In the case of the East Asian countries, South Korea and Taiwan, both started out with an extremely low income per head. This allowed much faster growth when copying the leaders. It is important to realize that these growth rates should slow as the countries catch up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An area in which East Asia is investing much of its GDP is in physical capital and education. Compared to the industrial leaders, the East Asian countries have sustained a much higher investment in these areas. South Korea invests 35% of its GDP which is more than double America's capital spending. The East Asian countries have placed much emphasis upon education. Education is the key to mastering the technologies which they have been borrowing from the economic leaders of the world. The standards of education for these countries have improved as rapidly as their economies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another factor which has helped the long-term economic growth of these East Asian countries is the global market. No longer is a country's economy hurt by a small domestic market. World trade has grown tremendously over the

Ashford University

Your Devices in the Near Future Which input/output devices will you be using in the next one to three years as â€Å"computing† devices? I really have fallen in love with my Dell desktop computer; so until I need to buy a new one I will just stick to what I know. Plus I have a great computer guy that can fix any problem that may arise and he is always updating and putting protective ware on my pc. I also love my computer because it is simple and I can easily print out things that I need. I love my Dell! Which features/components/form factors will be prominent?Why? I really do love my Dell computer and don’t really want to get anything new unless I had to. If I did have to get a new device I would buy a desktop for sure. I would want one that is easy to use, simple, and to the point. I really dislike all that fancy stuff. I don’t understand it and I’m comfortable with what I know. There are a few gadgets out there such as the ipad but I really don’t like touch screen stuff. I like touching and the feel of the key board and a mouse. Which features/components/form factors will be important to you? Why?Again the features important to me would just be something simple and Stephanie proof. I am the biggest dork and electronics and I don’t usually get along all that well. I don’t do well with complex devices. I have tried some of them that my friends own but, for me to fork out that kind of cash I would have to go to college just to learn how to operate them. I still have a flip phone and the original iPod. Which applications will you be using on these devices? The only applications that I would be using on my device would be internet explorer, Microsoft office, and to play games.I really don’t use my computer for much more than surfing the web, playing games, and doing my school work. How may these devices change your life in terms of benefits and risks? I don’t think these devices will change my life oth er than the cost of a new device. I don’t have all the money in the world so I just stick to what I know. I am not against the new and advancing technology but I like the good old days. Also the only thing other than the price tag on these devices is my ability to understand how to operate them. I know I can learn but, for right now I am doing just fine with what I have.

Grievance Procedure Essay

This document forms a template for organisations to compose a policy for Grievance. The working is largely standard but there is the opportunity for organisations to personalise the policy. This document is divided into three columns 1. Heading: for each sub section of the policy 2. Explanation: why the section is there and what it should contain 3. Section content: contains the wording to be used in the policy which can be added to/adjusted according to the needs and practices within the organisation. Instructions: Once you have completed content in the third column (headed ‘Section Content’), you can delete this introduction and the middle column (writing is in blue) leaving you with you policy. Some organisations may prefer a different format (e.g. non tabular), in which case, the content can be cut and pasted as required. The final policy will usually be approximately 3 sided of A4 in length. Name of organisation: Introduction This section sets out the way in which any grievances by employees against the organisation will be handled. Grievances which are raised by employees typically refer to matters relating to employment e.g. terms and conditions, job issues, work relationships. They are matters which it is reasonable to expect line management to be able to resolve. Creative Envelope Solutions recognises that from time to time employees may wish to seek for grievances relating to their employment. In this respect it is our policy to encourage free communication between employees and Clayton Down M.D. to ensure that problems can be resolved quickly to the satisfaction of all concerned. Principles (optional) Grievance Procedures must comply with the Arbitration and Conciliation Service (ACAS) Code of Practice 2009 and must follow the basic steps outlined below: Informal discussions Formal discussions Appeal Principles are guidelines on best practice for dealing with grievances. Publication of these guidelines is optional for this written procedure but even if you do not publish these principles, they must represent the way in which grievances are handled in order to comply with the ACAS Code. For point 5, there are three options for the person who would chair any appeal meeting. You may prefer to either select one of the following of keep options open and insert all three options: A manager more senior than the manager who took the decision at step 2 A trustee A suitable qualified external person Note: Where a second level of manager could be available to hear an appeal, Trustees should decide whether or not they wish to appoint one of their members to take all appeals as final arbiters of any dispute. This procedure sets out the informal and formal stages which must be followed to comply with the Arbitration and Conciliation Advisory Service (ACAS) Code of Practice 2009. In addition, the following principles will be followed in the consideration of all grievances under this procedure. 1. Each step must be followed through without unreasonable delay. 2. Both employee and employer must take reasonable steps to attend each meeting under the procedure and will have the opportunity to state their case. 3. Meeting will be at a reasonable time and location. 4. All relevant information will be provided to both employer and employee in advance of any meeting under the procedure. 5. The appeal meeting at step 3 will be chaired by Clayton Down M.D. 6. If the employee of their companion is disabled, reasonable adjustment will be made to enable them to participate fully. 7. Confidentiality will be maintained. Only those who need to know about grievance will be informed. 8. After the grievance and regardless of the outcome both parties will endeavour to work together in a  positive manner. Representation It is necessary for the statement in this section to be published as part of the procedure as it relates to the employee’s right to be represented or accompanied. It is wise to specify and limit who can accompany (if not, parents, solicitors etc could get involved at this stage). Even if your organisation does not recognise Trade Unions, employees may still belong to one and therefore it is wise to leave in the reference to being accompanied by a trade union representative. The employee has the right to be accompanied by a work colleague or trade union representative at the meetings at step 2 and step 3. This representative may take notes and seek clarification of any issues that arise. Informal Discussions This section encourages an informal approach to resolving grievances when they first occur. If you have a grievance about your employment you should speak to Clayton Down M.D. about it and discuss it informally to see if it can be resolved there and then. It is hoped that the majority of concerns will be resolved in this way. Formal Procedure This section describes what the employee and the organisation must do to complete formal consideration of the grievance. Steps 2 and 3 refer to response within a specific timescale and 5 working days is recommended. Option of who Step 3 – Appeal: see point 5 in Principles above. If the grievance is not settles through this internal process, organisations may request help and advice from ACAS regarding the use of mediation. Step 1 – Written statement by employee If you feel that the matter has not been resolved through informal discussions, you should set out your grievance in full in writing to your manager so that its consideration takes place in a more formal setting. Step 2 – Meeting Your STET will arrange to meet with you to endeavour to find a satisfactory solution and will aim to give you a written response within (insert timescale). If this is not possible, he or she will inform you of the reason for the delay and when you can expect a response. Step 3 – Appeal If you are not satisfied with the response you may put your grievance in writing to (insert title). That individual will arrange to meet with you and will give you a response within (insert timescale). If it is not possible, he or she will inform you of the reason for the delay and when you can expect a response. Step 3 is the final stage of the procedure and there is no further right of appeal. ACAS recommends organisations to consider using mediation if appropriate. Footnote: As recommended in the ACAS Code, where and employee raises a grievance during a disciplinary process, the disciplinary process may be temporarily suspended in order to deal with the grievance. However, where the disciplinary and grievance cases are related, it may be appropriate to deal with both cases concurrently.